Author(s):
1. Stevo Najman, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Serbia

Abstract:
Regenerative medicine (RM) exploits the innate potential of the human body to effectively repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs with the help of various biomaterials. Tissue engineering (TE) makes it possible to replace damaged tissues and organs with new ones. Research in the field of biomaterials has significantly improved the area of RM and TE. Biomaterials are used as orthopedic, dental, cardiovascular implants, medical devices, in the fields of reconstructive and regenerative medicine, among others. Important preconditions for the biomaterial to be used for implantation are its biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Biomaterial is considered as biocompatible if it is non-toxic and allows the body to function without complications or unwanted side effects and to generate the most appropriate beneficial response of cells and tissues. Biomaterials should enable adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation of cells. The biological properties of biomaterials are a reflection of their physico-chemical properties, such as internal architecture, surface characteristics and charge. Biomaterials used in tissue regeneration should mimic the natural structure of the extracellular matrix and represent a physiological microenvironment for normal cellular functions. These biomaterials should also have adequate biodegradability properties to facilitate the formation and growth of new tissue. Biomaterials for use in RM can be of natural or synthetic origin, polymers by structural properties, ceramic and composite type, and based on bioreactivity they can be bioinert or bioactive. Each type of biomaterial has a set of properties that makes it suitable for a specific application. In RM and TE, polymers of different classes, natural and synthetic, are used, which can be made as intelligent materials. The structure of hydrogels in the form of a porous network represents a good matrix for cell activity. For this occasion, our research in the field of biomaterials applications, particularly the application of ceramic materials and hydroxyapatite (HAp) in bone tissue engineering (BTE), will be presented. Ceramic biomaterials based on HAp are selected for use in RM and TE, especially solid tissues. Properties, such as composition, particle size, material shape, porosity, surface charge, topography, etc., are relevant for the proper use of HAp materials. The properties of HAp allow modification of its structure, surface, particle size design at the micro and nano level, hybridization with polymers, metals, etc. which is very important for its applications. Designed micro-nanohybrid HAp structure is most similar to the bone structure, making the cell environment closest to natural. BTE is based on the combined use of cells, osteostimulating (osteoinductive) factors and biomaterials of natural and artificial origin as a scaffolds and carriers for bone regeneration and defects repair. In our research we have used adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) that we induced in vitro towards osteogenic cells or endothelial cells, or applied as freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. In order to assess the possible influence on the dynamics and outcome of the osteogenic process, we investigated the role of macrophages, as well as blood components such as PRP and plasma or blood clot, within BTE construct, as sources of osteoinductive factors. To examine the regenerative potential of various biomaterials in our studies, various in vivo animal models were used, such as subcutaneous implantations and bone defects in tibia, femur and calvaria in experimental animals (mouse, rat, rabbit). In vitro models and methods were used to examine the biocompatibility, immunomodulatory and regenerative potential of biomaterials, as well as their influence on cellular functions. We will present here an overview of models and methods used in our studies.

Key words:
Regenerative medicine,Bone tissue engineering,Biomaterials,Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells,In vivo animal models,In vitro methods,Regenerativna medicina,Koštano tkivno inženjerstvo,Biomaterijali,Mezenhimske matične ćelije masnog tkiva,In vivo životi

Thematic field:
SYMPOSIUM B - Biomaterials and nanomedicine

Date of abstract submission:
02.07.2022.

Conference:
Contemporary Materials 2022 - Savremeni materijali